Download Vertex Tools for SketchUp. 3.0. It is a powerful vertex editor for SketchUp that helps you take charge of each vertex.
Download Vertex Tools for SketchUp
3.0. Vertex Tools for SketchUp is a powerful vertex editor for SketchUp that helps you take charge of each vertex.
Vertex Tools for SketchUp
Download Vertex Tools for SketchUp ; 3.0. It is a powerful vertex editor for SketchUp that helps you take charge of each vertex.Transition from puberty to adulthood in elite track and field athletes: the interplay of bone mineral density, bone geometry, and strength.
The interplay of peak bone mass (PBM) and pubertal transition to adulthood (PA) represents the major determinants of bone health in adulthood. The aims of the present study were to characterize PBM in athletes and to study how changes in bone geometry and strength relate to PBM. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) and bone geometry at the distal radius, distal tibia, proximal tibia, and total body in 15 elite female track and field athletes during the transition from PA to adulthood. BMD and bone geometry were determined at baseline (age 14-16 yr) and at the end of the season (age 20-22 yr). Altogether 19 measurements were performed at different sites, comprising a total of 100 measurements. The current study revealed a distinct PBM peak at age 18-20 yr with a BMD of 0.719 g/cm(2) at the distal radius and 0.834 g/cm(2) at the distal tibia. Furthermore, a distinct increase in bone geometry was observed. Total and cortical bone volume increased by 19.4 and 15.3%, respectively, whereas total and cortical BMD increased by 13.7 and 11.1%, respectively. Bone strength was maximal at age 20-22 yr with a moment of inertia of 3.89 cm(4)/cm(4) at the distal radius and 4.17 cm(4)/cm(4) at the distal tibia. All bone measurements, except cortical thickness, correlated significantly with PBM. The present study shows that PBM in elite female track and field athletes is characterized by a PBM peak at age 18-20 yr, and that bone geometry and bone strength increase from adolescence to adulthood. Altogether, these data suggest that the bone parameters studied are key determinants for fracture risk be359ba680
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